The development of offshore oil and gas is a crucial sector in China's energy industry, with offshore resources being vital for future growth. Due to increased maritime and fishing activities, accidental anchoring incidents frequently occur, posing risks to subsea pipelines. Traditional protection methods are limited, necessitating new protective devices to prevent damages from dropped anchors, dragging anchors, and trawling. This study designs a glass fiber composite protective device for subsea pipelines. The ABAQUS explicit dynamic analysis method is used to establish a ship anchor-protection-seabed soil coupling model. Mechanical responses to dropped anchors, dragging anchors, and trawling are analyzed. It is found that impact speeds significantly affect the results. Thickness optimization requires economic consideration. The designed device effectively protects against third-party impacts and offers an evaluation method for composite material protection devices.